Building structure



Feb. 9, 1932. H. ROSENBERG 1,844,823 K his @Home 1v1.

`Patented Feb. 9, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application filedJune 4, 1928. Serial' No. 282,732.

This invention relates to improvements in the art of anchorage of sheetmetal, such as tinned sheet iron, (commonly called tin), galvanizediron, sheet copper, or like sheet 6 metal, to wood or other supportingmeans; and the rimary and essential object in View yis the e ective,non-loosening anchorage of such sheetmaterial to its support.

It has heretofore been customary in an- 10 choring sheet metal roofinginplace to employ the common commercial roofing nails, to drive themthrough the sheet metal into the wood beneath, and to then seal againstleakage by appropriate soldering. In` the case of flat seamconstruction, it is usual to fold the lock joint over the heads of a rowof roofing nails and then solder the exposed edge of the joint. Forstanding seams, tabs are folded into the joint and the exposed endportions of the tabs are nailed down. In any case where the ordinaryroofing nail is emloyed defective anchorage eventually folows,manifesting itself usually and chiefly in the tendency of the nails toback out of the wood from differential temperatures with varyingseasons, and perhapsl from other causes. The result is that frequently awell laid roof will in the course of time, sometimes all too short,begin to buckle, and thereupon to give forth metallic lashing soundsunder the action of the wind. Such sounds are, of course, incident tovibratory movement i involving the rising and falling of loose portionsof the sheet metal held against actual separation by solder, 'but notadequately anchored to the support by the nails.

An exemplication of an object of the present invention is found -in theovercoming of 40 this diiliculty by the provision of anchorage of suchcharacter as will not relax and release the connection between sheetmetal roofing and the wood sheathing to which .it 'is iixed incident tovariation in temperaturen;

other force which now commonly causes the withdrawal or partialwithdrawal of roofing nails. Similarly efficient anchorage is effectedin the practicing of the invention as applied to other sheet metal thanroong, as, for example, the fastenino of cornices to buildings or theerecting olf-5 galvanized iron sheets on wood framing for producing ga'rages and like sheet metal buildings.

With this and other objects in view, as will in part hereinafter becomeapparent and in part be stated, the invention comprises a structureincluding a metallic sheet, asupport for the same, and means foranchoring the metallic sheet to material of the support and retainingthe same against withdrawal therefrom, so that the sheet, the support,and theanchoring means in their linalrelation involve substantially aunitary structure.

Another phase of the invention is the anchoring pin itself whichcomprises a body having a cylindrical entering endportion adapted toserve as an entering wedgeand forming tool, the body having a hardenedthread or lhardened threads extending from said forming tool toward the.opposite end thereof at a pitch such as to allow the pin to be driveninto material and to cause the pin to revolve when so driven under ahammer blow, and the threads outstanding from the body laterally beyondthe extended lines of the cylindrical formin tool.

' The invention comprlses certain other novel constructions,combinations, and arrangements of parts as will in part herein- 'aftervbecome apparent and in part be stated.

In the accompanying drawings,- e 80 Figure ld is a viewin verticalsection through a fragment of a metallic sheet and support, such lasroofing and sheathing, with an anchorage device applied thereto andseenVin elevation, said anchorage device being in the course of beingintroduced toward that relation effecting the complete combination ofthe invention, the parts being seen on a magnified scale considerablyAbeyond that of the average physical structures.

Figure 2 is a similar view of the same parts in the final position.

Figure l3 is a transverse section taken on the plane indicated by line3-3 of Figure 2, 'i

and looking downward. i Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2 on areduced scale of a slightly modied appli# cation.v f

Referring to the drawings by numerals, 1

indicates an ordinary sheathing board or lo vthrough the metal sheet andinto the support, said anchorage device consisting of a pinlike bodyprovided with a smooth entering portion 3, preferably formed with anentering, pointed tip 4. Because of its function, the portion 3 will beherein referred to as the shaping tool. The use of the tip 4 is optionalbut preferred for convenience. rlhe pinlike body outward or upwardl fromthe shaping tool 3 is formed with high pitched rolled threads 5, 5. Thethreads may be otherwise formed than rolled, but, as a matter ofcommercial practicability and inexpensiveness, the rolling' of thethreads 5 is preferred, because it is an important feature of the'present invention that the threads outstand laterally beyond theextended lines of the cylinder forming the shaping tool. ln other words,the diameter of shaping tool 3 is considerably less than the distancefrom the farthest outstanding point of a given thread 5 and-the farthestoutstanding point of a diametrically opposite thread 5, as best seen inFigure 3. At the outer extremity, the pin is preferably formed with anappropriate head 6, which is proportioned according to the 'character ofwork to be done, and usually assumes a relatively wide diameter for thepurpose of providing a board bearing surface.

The smooth portion 3 with its penetrating point 4, when such point isemployed, comprises a shaping and finishing tool for producing adownwardly extending burr 7 from the metal 2, which burr terminates inserrated, irregular edges 8 projecting laterally into the wood of thesupport l. rlhe burr 7 is formed into a short cylinder by the action ofthe finishing tool portion 3 proportioned to receive the threads 5 andto be entered by such threads preferably for a portion of the thicknessof the burr, that is, the thickness of the sheet l. The threads 5 willenter the cylindrical burr 7 as indicated at 8', 8', in Figure 2, for adepth only equal to the distance to which each thread 5 outstandslaterally beyond the extended line of the cylinder 3, but will enter tothat extent and in some instances a slightly greater depth of entry willbe indicated incident to a slight flowing of the metal of burr 7 alongthe entering threads 5 incident to the parting of the metal as thethreads enter the same. Of course, it will be understood that thethreads 5 in entering the metal of the burr 7 will tend to spread theburr, but such spreading action will-be resisted both by the cylindricalburr and by the compressed wood of support l which surounds the burr 7Thus, each part reacts against the other so that the three paris, thesurrounding wood, the surrounding burr, 7, and the engaging threads 5are forced into the maximum of intimate contact when the head 6 isdriven down to a seated position on the upper face of the sheet 2, asbest seen in Figure 2. Furthermore, it will be observed that the burr 7cannot escape from the wood 1, because of the presence of the threads 5and the body or root diameter of the pin carrying threads 5, and thesaid threads cannot escape from the metal' both\ 'anchored together asa. unit.

The sheet 2 may be treated in any manner desired according to commonpractice after the anchorage by the present improved anchoring pin uponreaching its seated position, as indicated in Figure 2. l/Vhen sheet 2is part of a roof, one acceptable mode of connection of another sheet ofmetal to the sheet shown in Figure 1 is indicated in Figure 2 in whichthe flat seam lock joint is shown as formed and fiattened down upon thehead 6, and then further anchored by appropriate soldering 9 forpreventing the possibility of leakage, and avoiding the danger ofrusting of the anchoring pin.

The forming tool 3 with its tip 4 and the threads 5 are hardenedsufficiently for entering metal, such as soft iron or soft steel,copper, or the like, substantially without injury to the threads or tothe parts 3 and 4, as, for instance, by having the entire anchoring pincase-hardened by the cyaniding process or any other acceptable mode ofcase-hardening. lt is of importance that the threads 5 be case-hardenedand also that the forming or shaping tool 3 be case-hardened in orderthat the burr 7 be effectively formed in the first place to snuglysurround the forming tool 3, and further in order that the threads 5 mayproduce corresponding or female threads 8 in the burr 7 which will beclear cut and effective. It has been proposed in various industrial artsto effect a close contact by providing threads or ribs of soft metal tobe forced into driven contact with surrounding work of the same kind ofmetal with the result that parts are stripped from both and a fairlyintimate initial contact is attained which is not suiiiciently close tobe permanently maintained. The present invention effectively avoids suchunsatisfactory condition by the hardening of the anchoring pin Atratethe sheet 2.

so that the threads 5 Will cut their Way into and through the parts ofthe surrounding Wall formed of the burr 7, and the interlockinganchorage thus produced between the burr and the pin has proved byrepeated tests to be permanent.

Of course, the pitch of the thread 5 is capable of variation, but it isdesirable that the pitch should be suiiiciently high to enable the pinto be driven in by hammer blows delivered at the outer end of the pinand to cause the pin to rotate while being so driven, whereby thethreads 5 track in the initially formed female threads 8. Obviously,this would not result if the threads 5 were of the same or less maximumdiameter as the diameter' of the forming tool 3.

It Will be obvious that the invention is susceptible of a Wide range ofapplication additional to that illustrated in the accompanying drawings.One usage slightly varying from that just above described is shown inFigure 4 in which the parts correspond to those above described and thesame reference numerals have been applied and the same description Willequally apply, except that the metal sheet 2 as seen in Figure 4 is inthe form of a disc or fragment resting on a sheet 2". The sheet 2 may beof impervious felt or other paper or other sheeting for `use as roofingor as a covering for the sheathing of a frame structure or for any otherappropriate usage. The burr 7 formed from the metal sheet 2', as will be.clear from Figure 4, functions the same as above described, but indoing so must pene- Thus, the invention is well adapted for anchorage oftar paper or like roong or paper web for any urpose.

The anchorage device itself as isclosed in this application asdistinguished from the structural combination is made the subject matterof claim in my copending application Serial No. 461,7 61, tiled June 17,1930, which is a continuation in part of this application.

What is claimed is:

1. A building structure comprising a sheet metal covering, supportingmeans for the covering, and a hardened thread hammer driven fastenerhaving an unthreaded cylindrical portion located and proportioned forproviding a shaping tool at the entering end portion, said fastenerbeing anchored in said supporting means and anchored in said sheet metalwith the threads within portions of the metal.

'2, A building structure comprising sheet metal roofing, sheathingsupporting the same, a substantially cylindrical burr extending from thesheet metal into the sheathing, and an anchoring pin connecting saidsheet metal roofing and burr to said sheathing, said anchoring pinhaving a forming tool at its entering end, a head at its opposite end,and a hardened thread extending `from the tool to said head andoutstanding laterally a distance to overhang the tool and enter thematerial of said burr, the forming tool having a tapered tip and acylindrical portion of a length greater than the diameter of theanchoring pin at its greatest thickness, said pin being located With thehead engaging the outer surface of the sheet metal roofing, and theltohread extending into the material of the urr.

3. A building structure comprising sup` porting material, sheet metalmounted thereon, a substantially cylindrical burr extending into thesupporting material, the burr having a portion underhanging a portion ofthe supporting material, and an anchorage pin filling the burr andhaving a ridge outstanding into the material of the burr, and the pinbeing anchored in the supporting material.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature.

HEYMAN ROSENBERG.

